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THE FOOT AND ANKLE

The foot and ankle form a complex structure that provides support, balance, and mobility. The ankle joint connects the lower leg bones—the tibia and fibula—to the talus bone in the foot, allowing for dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and plantarflexion (pointing the foot). The foot itself contains 26 bones, including the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges, which create arches for shock absorption and weight distribution. Key joints like the subtalar joint allow for inversion and eversion (side-to-side movements). Ligaments and tendons, such as the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia, help stabilize the foot and transfer force during movement. Muscles in the lower leg and foot work together to support balance, push-off, and controlled landings. This intricate anatomy makes the foot and ankle essential for walking, running, dancing, and maintaining posture.

The foot and ankle joint complex is made up of numerous bones and joints that work together to provide stability, support, and a wide range of motion. The ankle joint, or talocrural joint, is formed where the tibia and fibula meet the talus bone of the foot, allowing for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Below it, the subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus (heel bone) allows for inversion and eversion. The foot itself contains 26 bones, including 7 tarsals (such as the calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuboid), 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges (toe bones). These bones form the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot, which help absorb shock and distribute body weight during movement. The numerous small joints between these bones allow for flexibility and adaptability on varied surfaces. Together, the foot and ankle bones form a strong yet mobile structure essential for walking, running, balance, and dance performance.
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