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THE HIP

The hip is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the femoral head, and it fits into the "socket," called the acetabulum, located in the pelvis. This joint is stabilized by strong ligaments, muscles, and a fibrous capsule. Key muscles involved include the gluteals, hip flexors (like the iliopsoas), adductors, and deep rotators. Articular cartilage lines the joint surfaces to allow smooth movement, while synovial fluid within the joint capsule reduces friction. The hip supports body weight in both static (standing) and dynamic (walking, running) activities, making it crucial for movement and stability.

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HAMSTRINGS

BICEPS FEMORIS (LONG HEAD AND SHORT HEAD): 

The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterolateral compartment. It arises proximally by two ‘heads’ , termed the ‘long head’ (superficial) and the ‘short head’ (deep).

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SEMIMEMBRANOSUS:

Semimembranosus is located on the posteromedial side of the thigh deep to the semitendinosus and medial to the biceps femoris.

 

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SEMITENDINOSUS:

It is located at the posterior and medial aspect of the thigh. It is named due to it having a long tendon of insertion.

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Flexion of the knee, extension of the hip, and medial rotation.

The hip joint is a large, weight-bearing ball-and-socket synovial joint that plays a vital role in movement, stability, and posture. It is formed where the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits into the acetabulum of the pelvis, allowing for a wide range of motion including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The joint is supported by a strong joint capsule, surrounding ligaments (such as the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments), and powerful muscles including the gluteals, hip flexors, and deep rotators. Articular cartilage covers the joint surfaces, cushioning the bones and reducing friction during movement. The hip joint also contains synovial fluid that nourishes and lubricates the joint. Due to its structural design, the hip provides both mobility and strength, making it essential for everyday functions like walking, running, and maintaining balance.
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