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THE SPINE AND PELVIS

The spine and pelvis form the central support structure of the body, providing stability, flexibility, and protection for the nervous system. The spine consists of 33 vertebrae divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions, with intervertebral discs acting as cushions between them. It supports the head and torso while allowing a wide range of movements such as bending and twisting. The pelvis is a ring-like bony structure made up of the two hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis), sacrum, and coccyx. It connects the spine to the lower limbs and supports the weight of the upper body during standing and movement. The pelvis also protects pelvic organs and serves as an attachment site for muscles involved in posture, locomotion, and stability. Together, the spine and pelvis play a crucial role in maintaining balance and enabling complex whole-body movements.

The spine and pelvis are composed of interconnected bones and joints that provide both stability and flexibility to the body. The spine is made up of 33 vertebrae grouped into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions, separated by intervertebral discs that absorb shock and allow movement. The sacrum, a triangular bone at the base of the spine, connects the lumbar vertebrae to the pelvis. The pelvis consists of two hip bones—each formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis—along with the sacrum and coccyx. The sacroiliac joints link the sacrum to the hip bones, transferring weight between the upper body and lower limbs while permitting slight movements for flexibility. The lumbar spine and pelvis work together to support body weight, enable bending, twisting, and rotation, and protect vital organs within the pelvic cavity. This complex joint system is essential for posture, locomotion, and overall body mechanics.
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